What is Close Quarters Battle?
Close Quarters Battle (CQB), also known as Close Quarters Combat (CQC), is a type of close combat situation involving multiple combatants. It typically involves ranged (usually firearm-based) or melee combat.
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This type of combat can occur between military units, law enforcement, and criminal elements, among other similar situations. CQB is characterized by a short duration, high intensity conflict, often marked by sudden violence at close range.
In modern warfare, CQB usually consists of an engagement between two forces, typically “attackers” and “defenders”, of varying size with small arms within a distance of up to 100 meters (110 yards). This can range from close-proximity shootouts to hand-to-hand combat.
Units that regularly conduct CQB, such as police tactical units, counterterrorist units, maritime boarding teams, special forces, and commando units, are often specially trained and equipped for CQB tactics.
It’s important to note that CQB is not synonymous with urban warfare, as CQB emphasizes infantry tactics using light small arms in a small area of operations, as opposed to the combined arms and much larger areas of urban warfare. Additionally, CQB is not solely limited to enclosed areas, structure interiors, or tight spaces, and can theoretically occur anywhere, such as in and around a structure, aboard a ship, or in a dense rainforest.
Close Quarters Battle
THE 5 PILLARS OF CQB
1
Gain Access
4
Move Into Adjoining Spaces
2
Make Entry
5
Command & Control
3
Secure The Space
1-Gain Access: This involves the initial approach to the target area. Techniques for gaining access can include ballistic breaching (using firearms to break through barriers), mechanical breaching (using tools like crowbars), and explosive breaching (using controlled explosives). The goal is to create an entry point quickly and safely.​
2-Make Entry: Once access is gained, making entry involves moving into the space in a coordinated manner. This requires a well-rehearsed plan where each team member knows their role. The entry must be swift and decisive to maintain the element of surprise and minimize exposure to threats.​
3-Secure The Space: After entering, the team must secure the space by neutralizing any immediate threats and ensuring no hidden dangers remain. This involves systematically clearing rooms and hallways, checking for hidden adversaries, and securing any potential escape routes.​
4-Move Into Adjoining Spaces: TWith the initial space secured, the team must then move to adjoining spaces. This requires maintaining situational awareness and communication to ensure the team moves as a cohesive unit. Each new space must be approached with the same level of caution and thoroughness as the initial entry.​
5-Command & Control: Effective command and control are crucial throughout the operation. The team leader must ensure that all members understand the mission objectives and their specific roles. Communication, often through hand signals or other non-verbal methods, is essential to coordinate movements and actions without alerting adversaries.​
